Hello friends, today I am going to tell you What is Boiler, definition of boiler, working principle of boiler, classification of boiler, Essential Properties of Boilers, Some Key Terms Used in Boilers.: If you also want to know, then keep reading this article completely.
What is Boiler?
What is Boiler– Boiler is a closed vessel in which the heat obtained from combustion of fuel is transferred to water to produce steam of desired quality at desired pressure and temperature. In this way, by converting the chemical energy of the fuel into heat energy in the boiler, steam is made from water at higher pressure than the atmosphere.
This steam is used in steam engine and steam court. In many industrial installations, it is done in processes, heating installations, etc.
Working Principle of Boiler
Boiler works on the same principle as water is heated in a closed vessel and due to heating the water turns into steam. This steam has high pressure kinetic energy. There is water in the boiler. The water is heated to its boiling point using the heat from the furnace. Due to heating of water, it gets converted into high pressure steam.
The generated steam is passed through steam turbines. As the high-pressure steam hits the turbine, it spins the turbine. A generator is connected to the turbine and the generator also rotates with the turbine and generates electricity.
Essential Qualities of a Good Boiler
A good boiler should have the following essential properties-
- The structure of the boiler should be simple.
- The floor area required for the boiler should be at least.
- The load of the boiler should be less and its setting should also be easy.
- Its initial cost and installation cost should be less.
- Boiler operation and maintenance cost should be less.
- The boiler should be quick to start.
- Every part of the boiler should be accessible to the boiler operator.
- The design of the boiler should be such that as the load increases, the requirement can be met at the earliest.
- None of its joints should be directly above the flame.
- The boiler should be such that at least the maximum amount of steam is generated from the combustion of the fuel.
- The life of the boiler should be satisfactory.
- There should be no leakage of steam, air or water anywhere in it.
- There should be proper water space and steam space for the flow of water.
Some key terms used in Boiler
- Sheath: It is a cylindrical shell which is used for riveting or welder of steel plates. The ends of this shell are closed by flat, convex or concave leaflets.
- Installation: This is the part of the boiler on which the cell is placed. It is usually made of bricks. In some boilers it also serves as the necessary quenching gas passage. Required in some boilers. Doesn’t happen either.
- Furnace: This is the main part of the boiler where the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into heat energy by burning it.
- Grating and grating surface: In coal and wood fired boilers, this is a lattice-like platform on which the fuel is burned. It is not needed for liquid fuels. In most boilers, a grating is made by placing cast iron rods at a distance (other types of gratings are also used) in the space between the two rods, the air needed for combustion moves upwards and the fuel produced by burning The ash falls down into the trough. Dynamic grating is also used in some boilers. The surface of the grating on which the fuel is burnt is called the grating surface. This surface is expressed in square meters.
- Water space and steam space: The volume of the cell in which water is kept is called water space. The extent of the surface of the water is called the water level.
- Heating Area: This is the area of the boiler that is in contact with the fire and hot gases. Thus it is the area that absorbs heat.
- Chargers: These are those parts of the boiler which are very essential for its operation. These are mounted permanently on the boiler. It is very important to have them for the protection movement.
- Accessories: These are those parts of the boiler which help in its functioning. The boiler can work without them, but by applying them, the efficiency of the boiler increases.
Classification of Boilers
This can be done on the following grounds-
Based on the axis of the cell
(i)Horizontal boiler
(ii) vertical boiler
If the main axis of the cell of the boiler is in the horizontal position, then it is called horizontal hailer. Such as-Lancashire boiler, rail engine boiler, Babcock and Will Wilcox boiler. If the main axis of the cell of the boiler is in the vertical position, then it is called vertical boiler. eg cockeran boiler |
Depending on usage
(i)Fixed Boiler
(ii) portable boiler
The fixed boiler remains fixed at one place. This type of boiler | They are used in central thermal power generation plants, process related work in industrial establishments and in heating installations etc. Like- Lancashire boiler, Cockeran boiler, Babcock boiler etc.
There must be some kind of speed in the portable boiler. This type of boiler is used to run railway engines and marine engines.
Based on the flow of liquefied gases
(1) Fire tube boiler
(ii) Water tube boiler
In the fire tube boiler, the hot gases of the furnace flow through the tubes and the water is all around the outside of the tubes. They may contain one or more fire tubes. Like- Lancashire boiler, Cockeran boiler, Rail engine boiler etc.
In a water tube boiler, water remains inside the tubes and there are hot gases around the outside of the tubes. Such as – Babcock and Wilcox boiler, Stirling boiler and various high pressure boiler etc.
Furnace location on the basis of no
(i) internal combustion boiler
(ii) external combustion boiler
In the internal combustion boiler, the furnace is inside the boiler compartment. Like- Lancashire boiler, Cockeran boiler, Rail engine boiler |
In an external combustion boiler, the furnace is outside the boiler shell. For example, Babcock and Wilcox boiler, Sterling boiler |
Based on water circulation
(i) natural circulation boiler
(ii) propelled circulation boiler
Natural circulation The circulation of water in boilers is due to the convection current generated when the water receives heat. The circulation of water in low pressure boilers is mostly by this method, examples of this are Lakeshire boiler, Cockeran boiler, Babcock and Wilcox etc.
In propelled circulation boilers, water is pumped to make the water flow in a certain direction. The higher the velocity of flow of water. The water heats up just as quickly. Examples of this are La-Mont boiler, Benson boiler, Loffler boiler etc.
Depending on fuel
(i) coal burning boiler
(ii) oil ignited boiler
(iii) gas burning boiler
(iv) electrically ignited boiler
Depending on the current
(1) natural spring boiler
(ii) artificial pressure boiler
The flow of water occurs automatically in the natural spring boiler. This wind is generated by installing a high chimney. Low capacity boilers are usually of natural flow. Like- Cockeran boiler, Lancashire boiler, Babcock boiler, Wilcox boiler etc.
The air fan is used for the flow of air in the artificial steam boiler. All boilers used in high capacity and power plants come under artificial pressure.
Based on steam pressure
(i) low pressure boiler
(ii) high pressure boiler
Boilers that generate steam at less than 80 bar pressure are called low pressure boilers. Example- Cockeran boiler, Lancashire boiler, Rail engine boiler and Babcock and Wilcox boiler
Boilers that generate steam at 80 bar and above pressure are called high pressure boilers. This pressure can be the critical pressure or even more. Example-La-Mont boiler, Benson boiler, Velox boiler |
On the basis of special features
Some boilers are made with some special properties. E.g. mono-tube boiler, rotary boiler, combustion action boiler etc.
By trade name
Under this trade names such as Lancashire, Cockran, Babcock and Wilcox, Nestler, Sterling, Benson, La-Mont, Salzer etc.
what did you learn today:-
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