Sodium Vapor Lamp: its Construction, Diagram, Working Principle And Types

Hello friends, today I am going to tell you Sodium Vapor Lamp: its Construction, diagram, Working Principle And Types, What Is a Sodium Vapor Lamp: If you also want to know, then keep reading this article completely.

What Is a Sodium Vapor Lamp

The low-pressure sodium vapor lamp gives off yellow light at the same wavelength 5980°A. The efficiency of a sodium vapor lamp is 50 lumen/watt. This lamp has a discharge tube made of a special composition of glass that can withstand high temperatures (300°C) of electrical discharge. This discharge tube is surrounded by an outer tube. The discharge tube is filled with a small amount of metallic sodium and a small amount of neon gas.

Construction of Sodium Vapor Lamp

Both the electrodes of the lamp are mounted in the glass tube. When the lamp is switched on, a discharge is generated in the neon gas, which generates enough heat (300 °C) to evaporate the sodium. A small T/F to heat a cathode filament in the discharge tube and the anode is directly connected to the 230V AC supply through a choke. Due to choke and T/F, the power factor of the circuit becomes very low, in which a capacitor is added to the circuit for rectification.

• Read more: What Is a Halogen Lamp?

Working Principle of Sodium Vapor Lamp

When the lamp is not operated, sodium is deposited in the solid state on the sidewalls of the tube. When the lamp is connected to the supply, neon gas discharge is generated and gives red-orange light and the heat generated by the emission of neon gas turns into solid sodium vapor and after about 15 minutes it starts producing full yellow light.
The efficiency of a sodium vapor lamp diagram is about 50 lumens/watt. These lamps are made of 50, 100, 200, 500 Watt. Its average life is 3000 hours. The lamp is used only on AC supply.

Uses of Sodium Vapor Lamp

• Sodium lamps are used to illuminate offices, shops and industrial areas, and roads.

Disadvantages of Sodium Vapor Lamp

1. Takes 15 minutes to start.
2. The cost increases due to the transformer.

Demerits of Sodium Vapor Lamp

1. The electrode emission from the lamp is turned off.
2. The filament of the lamp may have been burnt or broken.
3. Solid particles of sodium have settled on one side of the discharge tube.
4. The discharge tube turns black when the sodium evaporates.

Sodium Vapor Lamp

Tpes of Sodium Vapor Lamp, There are two types of sodium vapor lamps.

1. Low-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp

A sodium vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp. It gives yellow light. The structure of a low-pressure sodium vapor lamp is shown in the figure. The inner tube is also called the orch tube. The inner tube contains sodium vapor and an electrode.

The efficiency of a sodium vapor lamp is less than the intensity of a fixed value of current density. The illumination of the lamp is 7.5 candela per square cm. Its length must be sufficient. as well as its efficiency. Tubes are highly sensitive to changes in temperature. To get high efficiency the lamp should be around 220°C Its tube is bent in U shape. The U-shaped tube of this lamp is made of glass.

• Read more: Structure and working of mercury vapor lamp

This tube is filled with sodium + neon gas and one percent is filled with argon gas. The function of the organ is to reduce the starting voltage. The tube consists of two barium and strontium-coated tungsten electrodes.

Their efficiency is 110 lumens/watt. Sodium lamps are especially used in streets, railways, squares, fog. Their yellow color can easily distinguish fog. Its life span is believed to be 6000 hours. This lamp gives full illumination in 2 to 5 minutes. It is fitted with a high leakage transformer, which limits the current and reduces the voltage. gives. Presently high-pressure sodium vapor lamps are being used more.

2. High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp

This lamp works on high pressure and very high current that flows in the small tube. This discharge hose is made of heat regenerated aluminum ceramic. The outer bulb is made of hard glass. The discharge tube is filled with sodium and neon gas under high pressure. The connections to the electrodes are made by thick wire. The discharge tube is placed inside a bulb coated with a fluorescent powder. The cape of this lamp is of thread type. The fuse sodium + mercury is coated near the cape, which appears bright black from the outside. The connections to this part are made by the cap supplied. A circular ring near this glowing part is connected to another supply wire, which helps start the lamp. It is provided with high voltage by a high reactance choke.

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Principle of Sodium Vapor Lamp

Initially, the sodium particles are in solid form. Initially, when the supply is given, more heat is required to evaporate the solid particles of sodium. The igniter is used for this task. The igniter is shown in the figure. Red, Yellow, Blue three ends are shown in it.

Initially, the igniter boosts the sparking between the fused sodium and mercury coating and the circular rings. When the lamp starts working, the capacitor stops the sparking by action and the lamp acts like a high-pressure mercury vapor lamp. A capacitor is used to improve the power factor.

This lamp provides full illumination in 10 minutes. The pink color is a property of neon gas. Its working temperature is 300°C. The lamps of 45 watt and 60-watt work in the horizontal position. No more than 20° deviation from a horizontal position in a high-watt lamp is needed. The life of a sodium vapor lamp is 6000 hours.

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what did you learn today:-

Friends, today you learned Sodium Vapor Lamp: its Construction, Working Principle And Types, What Is a Sodium Vapor Lamp, Construction of Sodium Vapor Lamp, Working Principle of Sodium Vapor Lamp, Uses of Sodium Vapor Lamp, Disadvantages of Sodium Vapor Lamp, Demerits of Sodium Vapor Lamp, Low-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp, High-Pressure Sodium Vapor Lamp, Principle of Sodium Vapor Lamp. If you liked the information given by me, then you can share it with your friends and if you have any question or suggestion in your mind, then you can tell by commenting below.