Are you What is Air Blast Circuit Breakers | Its Construction, Working. If yes then I am sharing detailed information about Air Blast Circuit Breakers in this post.
What is Air Blast Circuit Breakers?
In the olden times, it was used for 11 to 1100 kV. It is best suited in high voltage circuits. In this, compressed air was used to extinguish the arc.
Construction of Air Blast Circuit Breakers
Figures show its structure. it has the following parts
- air tank collector
- hollow resistant part
- double arc extinguishing chamber
- pneumatic operating part
- operating road
- pneumatic value
- immovable part
- run away
- stream link
- contraction spring
- air outlet
- arcing horn
- resistive switching unit
- Enclosure
- Ports
Valves are installed. In its upper part, there is a hollow resistive part. In the lower part, there is a tank called an air collector in which. Above each resistive part, there is a double arc extinguishing chamber due to the high voltage between the conductor and the air collector.
It has six double arc separators. There are two movable and immovable contacts with each arc extinguishing chamber. These contacts rotate on the axis while opening and closing. Their position is air pressure and spring. It depends on the force.
The road that opens when it receives a control signal opens. Due to the rotation of the mobile contacts, the air exit is closed, and the arc extinguishing chamber is opened by arc pressure. Air flows into the arc chamber. Valves that are fitted between the hollow resistive column and the collector control the air pressure.
- Read more: What is Arc Phenomenon in circuit breakers?
Working of Air Blast Circuit Breaker
It requires a compressed air system. This air provides air to the collector. During the opening action, the air arc enters the extinguishing chamber, which rotates the movable contact. Thus the contacts are separated, and the explosion of air produces ionized gas and helps in extinguishing the arc.
There are three types of air gust circuits based on the flow of compressed air.
- cross air gust circuit
- axial air gust circuit
- radial air gust circuit
1. Cross air gust circuit- When the circuit breaker contacts are separated, an arc begins to form between the stationary and moving contacts.
The strong wind blowing vertically from this arc displaces the exhaust cylinder of the arc on the arc splitter, which increases the length of the arc and is quickly extinguished. Resistance switching is not required in this type of breaker as the resistance increases by increasing the arc’s length by arc splitter. The number of arc splitters depends on the dissipation capacity.
2. Axial air blowing circuit – When a fault occurs in this type of circuit breaker, the compressed air from the top hole of the compressor enters the arcing chamber at a pressure of 16 kg/cm2 to 20 kg/cm- and pushes the piston down. The moving contact separates from the stationary contact, and an arc begins. At the same time, the compressed air from around the moving contact rapidly passes through the gust hole to quench the arc.
An additional arrangement isolating switch is used to extinguish the arc so that resistance switching is provided.
3. Radial air gust circuit- This arc starts when the contact is separated, due to which the compressed air starts flowing in the radial direction across the gap of the connection and extinguishes the arc. This process is shown in the figure below.
- Read more: What Is a Vacuum Circuit Breaker?
Advantages of Air Blast Circuit Breaker
- This type of separator has the following advantages
- Their operating rate is high.
- They are not prone to explosion and fire
- These have a definite short arc time.
- They require less maintenance.
- They have less arc energy loss than oil separators.
- These have high-speed reclose.
Disadvantages of Air Blast Circuit Breaker
This type of splitter has the following disadvantages.
- Compression pressure requires a compression plant.
- There is a possibility of air leaking in the pipeline.
- They are susceptible to re-shock potential.
- Read more: What is a circuit breaker?
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