Hello friends, today I am going to tell you What is a Turbine and types of Turbine?:If you also want to know, then keep reading this article completely.
technology is increasing day by day, the consumption of electricity is also increasing and the technology to generate new electricity is also coming, one of them is to generate electricity through turbine. That’s why today you will understand about Turbine, what is Turbine? How many types of Turbine?
What is a Turbine
The machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy or mechanical energy into hydraulic energy are called ‘hydraulic machines’. Hydraulic machines which convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy are called pumps while hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy are called turbines.
The hydraulic turbine uses the potential and kinetic energy of water to convert it into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is used to operate an electric generator that is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. In this way mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Electric power which is obtained from hydraulic energy (energy of water) is called ‘hydro-electric power’. At present hydro-electric power is produced from other sources like coal, oil, etc. Much cheaper than the power generated from it.
Type of Turbine
How many types of turbine are there?
- Impulse And Reaction Turbine
- Pelton Turbine
- Runner and Buckets Turbine
- Francis Turbine
So let’s understand in detail about these turbines –
Impulse And Reaction Turbine
Impulse Turbine:
The hydraulic energy available in this is first converted into kinetic energy with the help of a nozzle. Then the high velocity jet emanating from the nozzle collides with a series of bucket shapes located around the rim of the wheel. Buckets change the direction of the jet without changing the pressure. As a result, there is a change in the momentum due to which the buckets and wheel rotate and thus mechanical energy becomes available on the turbine shaft. As the water passes through the vanes, there is atmospheric pressure from the inlet of the turbine to the outlet. Some important impulse turbines are Pelton wheel, Turgoimpulse wheel, Girad turbine etc.
Reaction Turbine
In this, a part of the total available hydraulic energy is converted into kinetic energy and the other part remains in the form of pressure energy before water enters the turbine runner. When water flows along the turbine runner, both velocity and pressure change simultaneously. The flow from the inlet to the outlei of the turbine is under pressure and therefore the blades of the reaction turbine are closed in an air tight casing.
The mechanism of action of a reaction turbine is shown in which the water from the reservoir through the hollow shaft reaches the hollow disc. Disc has four radial holes which are in the shape of nozzle. When water leaves these tubes, its pressure decreases and relative kinetic energy increases with respect to the rotating disc. The resultant reaction force provides rotational motion to the disc. The disc and shaft rotate in the opposite direction to the water jet.
Pelton Turbine
A Pelton wheel or Pelton turbine is a tangential flow impulse turbine. In this, the water collides with the tangent along the runner from the bucket (vanes). Only kinetic energy is present at the inlet of the turbine. There is atmospheric pressure at the inlet and outlet of the turbine. This turbine is used for high heads and is named after American engineer L.A. Named after Pelton who developed it.
Runner and Buckets Turbine
Turbine rotor is called runner. It is circular disk in which buckets of cup or bowl shape are fixed which are arranged equidistantly around the circumference of the disk. Each bucket is divided into two symmetrical parts by a dividing wall called a splitter.
The splitter divides the jet of water into two equal parts and the jet emerges at the outer edge of the bucket. The shape of buckets or vanes is such that the jet is deflected by an angle of 160° or 170°. Buckets for low heads are made of cast iron but those for high heads are made of cast steel, bronze or stainless steel.
Francis Turbine
The Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine developed by the American engineer James B. Francis. Initially it was developed as an inward radial flow reaction turbine but later it was changed. In the Modem Francis turbine, water enters the runner at the outer periphery radially and exits axially at its centre.
what did you learn today:-
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